Causes

I. Muscle/Fascia
A. Myofascial pain syndromes
B. Dyssnergia of the pelvic floor muscles
C. Vaginismus
D. Vulvodynia

 

II. Skeletal/Joint
A. Pelvic insufficiency fracture
B. Sacroiliac joint dysfunction
C. Pelvic obliquity or derangement
D. Pubic symphysitis or Osteitis pubis
E. Post-radiation osteomyelitis
F. Coccydynia
G. Lumbar degenerative disc disease
H. Osteoarthritis of the hip
I. Hip fractures
J. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head
K. Bony metastasis

 

III. Neurologic
A. Radiation plexitis
B. Direct nerve trauma
C. Radiculopathy
D. Plexopathy
E. Peripheral neuropathy

 

IV. Psychogenic
A. Sexual abuse
B. Post-traumatic stress disorder
C. Depression

V. Urologic and Gynecologic
A. Cystitis
B. Urethritis
C. Urolithiasis
D. Pelvic inflammatory disease
E. Endometriosis
F. Ectopic pregnancy
G. Ovarian cyst
H. Adenomyosis
I. Fibroid tumor
J. Interstitial cystitis
K. Urethral syndrome
L. Neoplasm

 

VI. Gastrointestinal
A. Irritable bowel syndrome
B. Infectious enterocolitis
C. Diverticular disease
D. Hernia
E. Appendicitis
F. Ischemic bowel disease
G. Intestinal neoplasm

 

VII. Vascular
A. Hypoxemia/necrosis
B. Pelvic congestion syndrome
C. Pelvic varicosities