The beauty of any remodeling project or construction of a new home is “customization.” Prior to electrical rough-in, it is important to walk through each area undergoing construction to identify all code required electrical features and to identify any special equipment or unique activity within each room which may dictate electrical features above and beyond the norm.
When customizing around an individual’s special needs, the first step is to identify their reach limitations…what is their highest functional reach range…as well as their lowest. Those measurements set the vertical boundaries where switches and outlets can be installed. To determine the horizontal position for switches and outlets, identify whether it is easier for them to use their right hand or left hand, this is especially important for placement in the bathroom, kitchen, and work areas. If caregivers will be utilizing the electrical features, ensure they are located in a convenient location for the caregiver.
When roughing in electrical components, all final mounting heights are to be measured above the “finished” floor, not the sub-floor. Therefore it is necessary to take into consideration the height of the floor material when roughing in the electrical components. As a general guide, all wall outlets should be installed higher than standard, approximately 24” to 30” above the finished floor. All light switches should be mounted between 36” and 42” above the floor. Rocker style switches are easier to operate for individuals with limited dexterity. In some rooms, motion activated switching may be helpful.
Many individuals with reach limitations have difficulty reaching electrical outlets and switches over kitchen counters. As a result, position important outlets and switches on the front face of base cabinets, just below the counter top. If that is not an option, position the outlets above the counter backsplash, no higher than 42” above the finished floor with the longest dimension mounted horizontally.
If appliance lifts will be installed in base cabinets to make it easier to retrieve a mixer or food processor, consider installing outlets inside the cabinet for each appliance or ensure an easy to reach outlet is located adjacent to the appliance lift at an easy to reach locations.
For venting hoods over a range or cooktop, wire switches that operate the light and fan to a wall switch or to a switch located on the front trim of an adjacent base cabinet.
In the bathroom, position an electrical outlet for a hair dryer or electric razor on the side of the sink so it is easy to reach. Position the outlet within an arms length, on a side wall or on the front face of the vanity.
Vapor proof lighting should be provided over bathtubs and in showers. Many individuals with disabilities appreciate having a heat lamp installed near bathing areas as it takes them longer to undress, bathe and re-dress, and they often have a tendency to be chilled.
In bedrooms, especially the accessible bedroom, provide a minimum 4-plex outlet at the head of the bed, if not two 4-plex outlets. For safety, additional outlets are often needed to accommodate multiple items such as a clock, radio, lamp, cordless phone, fan, intercom, electric bed-frame, etc.
Task lighting is important in all areas of the home…under wall cabinets, over work areas, in closets, at mirrors, in stairways, etc.
In the laundry room, identify a location for ironing and ensure the position of the electrical outlet dedicated for the iron is located so the iron cord is not in the way.
Ensure the main electrical panel is in a location that is reachable …on an accessible floor level and mounted within the identified accessible reach range. Coordinate with the mechanical contractor to ensure all environmental controls, such as the thermostat, are at a height that is easily reachable...and viewable.
If an electric wheelchair is used, the battery will need to be recharged every night…it is helpful if there is a dedicated outlet mounted approximately 36” above the finished floor in a location where the wheelchair is parked out of any pathway.
Review needs for power door openers, elevator, lifting equipment, automated windows or window coverings, etc. You may need to consult with a manufacturer’s representative or installer directly for any specific instructions regarding location, voltage, etc. And don’t forget garage and exterior issues for electrical and additional lighting.
Finally, verify if installation of a ceiling track lifting device will be utilized for transfers within the bedroom or bathroom. If this is even a remote possibility, ensure all ceiling mounted fixtures (fans, smoke detectors, etc.) are not positioned where a future track would be installed. This will eliminate costly electrical expenses down the road if a ceiling track is installed.
Careful attention to detail and thorough planning prior to rough-in will result in a safe, functional electrical environment that will meet and exceed expectations.
For more information regarding Jane Hampton and her company Accessibility Design, please visit www.AccessibilityDesign.com.
Jane A. Hampton, CID, CAPS is the President and Founder of Accessibility Design, a Minneapolis, MN based home access design, consultation, and project management company (est.1992). As a Certified Interior Designer and Certified Aging in Place Specialist, Jane Hampton was one of the early pioneers in developing the specialty niche of home access and defining what it is today. She and her company have captured the essence of Universal Design, Aging in Place, and Home Access and have helped thousands enhance their lives by refining residential access and independent living. She is looked to as an expert in the field, as well as an educator on both a regional and national level.
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Check out Universal Design: Accessible Kitchens to learn more about remodeling your kitchen for increased accessibility.
