Elements of design and function are what make any area of your bathroom accessible, from countertops and sinks to cabinets and electrical outlets.

Federal Accessibility Standards provide a minimum level of accessibility enforceable by law. These standards do not apply to private residential housing. They are, however, a point of departure to gauge the level of accessibility that we may require in our home.

With this in mind, be aware of your own needs as a person with a disability and what works for you. Design and remodel for your greatest ease of use, no matter what a standard says.

Sinks and Mirrors
If you lack sensation in your legs, definitely wrap any exposed supply and drain pipes under the sink. As a T-9 complete paraplegic, I suffered massive second degree burns on my leg in a hotel once from an unwrapped pipe. I had no idea what happened until it was too late.

Other considerations, including clear floor space are being able to maneuver under the sink, having accessible controls within reach ranges and having a mirror with a bottom edge at 40 inches or lower.

Countertops
An accessible counter should have its surface at 28 to 34 inches above the finished floor. Having knee clearance under the counter at least 27 inches high, 30 inches wide and 19 inches deep ensures most wheelchairs can pull in underneath it.

Cabinets or other storage over a counter may need to be as low as 44 inches above the finished floor if they are more than 20 inches back from the leading edge of the counter. Pull-down or pull-out shelves, similar to those used in accessible kitchens, can enhance accessibility of these storage areas and allow greater access to toiletries, medicines, and supplies.

Other Elements
Use accessible-reach ranges as a resource for placement of controls, switches, and amenities, (see link above). Locate outlets at least 15 inches or higher if not part of a counter; toilet paper around 19 inches; light switches, towel bars, and other elements 48 inches or lower.

If you have limitations with pinching and grasping, look at controls and hardware that incorporate levers or loop handles easily operated with a closed fist. This will include your door hardware, cabinet hardware, flush controls, sink and shower controls.

Elements of Style
Everyone has his or her personal preferences with style. The internet and a plethora of home improvement stores cater to this. Many have accessible shower, sink, and toilet units in a variety of styles.

Once you know the basics of size and function required for your personal use, you can mix and match available options to meet your style and budget. Also seek out knowledgeable, experienced, bonded and insured contractors willing to listen to your needs.

You both bring experience to the table. Work as a team to get the job done. 

See Related Articles
To learn more about financing your accessible home or remodels, see Financing an Accessible Home: How to Retrofit and Stay Within Your Budget.

Check out Universal Design: Accessible Kitchens to learn more about remodeling your kitchen for increased accessibility.