If hyperglycemia is left untreated, it can lead to an emergency condition called ketoacidosis (sometimes called DKA).

A person with type 1 diabetes has a greater chance of developing ketoacidosis. If there is not enough insulin, your body is unable to use the glucose. The blood glucose then gets too high and your body breaks down its own fat for energy instead of glucose. When fat is used, ketones appear in your urine and blood. Ketones are the waste products of fat burning. A large amount of ketones in your system can be very dangerous.

If you have type 2 diabetes and are able to control your blood glucose by following a meal plan (with or without taking oral medications), you are usually not at risk for developing ketoacidosis. A person with type 1 diabetes has a greater chance of developing ketoacidosis.

Causes of ketoacidosis
The causes of ketoacidosis are the same as the causes of hyperglycemia. Remember, ketoacidosis is untreated hyperglycemia and usually develops slowly over several hours. By recognizing and treating the early symptoms of hyperglycemia, you can avoid ketoacidosis.

Symptoms of ketoacidosis

  • Loss of appetite
  • Abdominal pain
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Reddened, warm skin
  • Headache
  • Deep, rapid breathing
  • Drowsiness
  • Fruity-smelling breath
  • Restlessness
  • Ketones in your urine
  • Frequent urination
  • Increased thirst

If you have any of the above symptoms:

  1. Test your blood glucose level.
  2. Call your doctor if your blood glucose is more than 300 mg/dl.
  3. Test your urine for ketones.
  4. Call your doctor if you have ketones in your urine.

How to treat ketoacidosis
Treatment of ketoacidosis may require insulin and fluids as ordered by your doctor. You may be put in the hospital unless ketoacidosis is detected and treated in the early stages. Ketoacidosis can result in coma and possibly death.

How to prevent ketoacidosis

  • Take your medications as ordered.
  • Follow your meal plan closely.
  • Follow your exercise program.
  • Test your blood glucose on a regular basis.

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